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luxambourgish language
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THE MOST BASIC WORDS yes oui
no nee, neen
hello moien
goodbye äddi
welcome wëlkomm
thanks merci
please wann ech gelift
COMMONLY USED ADVERBS (including some adjectives :-)) again nammel, nees (In most cases, you use a verb
with the prefix "widder-")
already ewell
also och
always ëmmer
beautiful schéin
certainly bestëmmt
clearly klor, kloer
early fréi
everywhere uechterall, iwwerall
far wäit
frequently heifeg*
here elei, hei
late spéit
later spéiter
likely anscheinend, nämmelech*
loud laut*
maybe vläicht, vläit
much vill
naturally natierlech
near bei, bäi
neatly uerdentlech*
never kees, nimools
now lo, elo
nowhere néierens, néierewou
often dacks
only nëmmen
possibly méiglech, méigelech
rarely seelen
seldom seelen
sometimes manchmol*
soon geschwënn
still nach (not yet = nach net)
there do
today héijen
tomorrow mar, muer
unlikely onwourschéinlech*
usually gewinnlech*
very uerg
well gutt
wrong falsch, verkéiert
yesterday gëscht, gëschter
COMMONLY USED ADJECTIVES advanced fortgeschritt*
alive liewig, vif, wif
antique aalt*
available disponibel*
awful fierchterlech, freeschlech
bad schlecht, iwwel
beautiful schéin
big grouss
black schwaarz
blue blo
boring verdross*
bright hell
brown brong
cheap bëlleg
clean propper*
clear klor
closed zou
cold kal
common gemeinsam (like having something in common)
correct wouer
cosy molleg, kammoud
dark donkel, däischter
defect kapott (to break s.th. = eppes briechen)
dense dicht*
developed entwéckelt
different anescht (different from = anders als), verschidden (two things are different)
difficult kriddeleg
dirty schmotzeg
dissatisfied onzefridde
dry dréchen
dumb domm (stupid), stomm (speechless)
easy liicht
educative léierräich
expected ofgewaart*
expensive deier
experienced erfahren*
fantastic phantastesch*
far wäit
fast huerteg
fat schmiereg (with lots of fat), déck (for persons)
filled satt*
flying fléiend (often expressed by the noun prefix "Flock-")*
funny witzeg
general allgemeng
gentle siddeleg, duuss
good gutt
gray gro
green gréng
happy glécklech
hard (!=easy) haart
hard (!=soft) haart, fest (not liquid or so) healthy gesond
heavy schwéier
high héi, héich
hollow huel
horrific greilech*
ill krank
improved verbessert
incorrect falsch, verkéiert
intelligent gescheit
interesting interessant*
invited agelueden*
known bekannt
large grouss
light (!=dark) hell
light (!=heavy) liicht liquid flësseg*
little kleng (small), wéineg (not much)
long laang
loud laut*
low niddereg
many vill
moving (use the appropriate form of the verb to move = "(sich) réieren")*
much vill
narrow schmuel
near nootst
new nei
next nächsten
nice aartelech
old aalt
open offen, op, oppen, affen
orange orange*
other aner (f), aneren (m), anert (n)
pink rosa
poor aarm
previous virugoend*
primitive primitiv*
purple vioulett, lila*
quick huerteg
red rout
rich räich
round ronn
same selwecht
satisfied zefridden
short kuerz
sick krank (not like being sick of s.th.)
similar ähnlech
simple einfach
slow gemälleg, lues
soft weech, duuss
strange gelungen
strong kräfteg
terrible fierchterlech*
thick déck
thin gouereg
warm waarm
weak mackeg
wet naass
white wäiss
wide breet
wonderful wonnerbar
yellow giel
young jong, jonk
COMMONLY USED VERBS (p.p. = past participle) to accept zousoën (like an agreement), averstan sinn (to agree
with s.th.)
to add bäisetzen (p.p. bäigesat)
to agree averstan sinn
to allow erlaben
to answer äntweren (intransitive), beäntweren (transitive)
to appear opkommen
to ask froen
to attack ugräifen (p.p. ugegraff)
to be able to kënnen
to begin ufänken (p.p. ugefaang)
to believe gleewen (to believe in s.th. = un eppes gleewen)
to bring bréngen (p.p. bruecht)
to build bauen
to burn brennen (p.p. gebrannt)
to buy kafen (du keefs, hien keeft, p.p. kaaft)
to calculate rechnen (intransitive), berechnen (transitive)
to catch fänken
to call ruffen (not by telephone), nennen (give a name)
to phone opruffen
to carry droen
to change änneren (make it different), wiesselen (exchange s.th.), ofwiesselen (frequent variation), verwandelen (transform)
to choose wielen, erauswielen (someone)
to close zoumaachen (lock = zouspären)
to come kommen (arrive = ukommen)
to complain sech bekloen (in general intransitive), sech beschwéieren (complain about someone)
to continue weiderfueren, virufueren (you often use a verb with the prefix "viru-" instead, like "to go on" = "virugoen")
to cook kachen
to count zielen
to create schafen
to cry reenen
to decide entscheeden
to defend verdeedegen
to discover entdecken
to dance danzen
to die stierwen (du stiirfs, hien stiirft, p.p. gestuerwen)
to discuss bespriechen
to do dinn
to draw zeechnen
to drink drénken
to drive fueren
to eat iessen
to erase ewechmaachen
to enter agoen
to exist bestoen
to expect ofwaarden
to experience erfahren (also to hear s.one tell you s.th.), eng Erfahrong machen*
to explain erklären, auserneeleeën
to fall falen
to feel richen (p.p. geroch)
to fear scheien (transitive), fäerten (intransitive, p.p. gefaart)
to fight schloen (du schléis, hien schléit)
to find fannen
to finish erleedegen
to fly fléien (du flitts, hien flitt)
to follow nogoen (transitive)
to forget vergiessen (du vergëss, hien vergësst)
to get (s.th.) kréien (du kriss, hien kritt)
to give ginn (also used as the auxiliary for the passive voice), schenken (as a gift, ditransitive), verschenken (dito,
transitive)
to go goen
to grow wuessen (du wiiss, hien wiisst, p.p. gewuess) (to become bigger), ginn (like becoming old)
to hate haassen
to have hunn (p.p. gehat, conditional hätt)
to have to mussen, missen (conditional misst)
to heal heelen
to hear héieren
to heat wiermen
to help hëllefen (p.p. gehollef)
to hit schloen, klappen, tappen (like kicking someone)
to hope hoffen
to hurt verwonnen
to invite alueden*
to join sech enger Grupp aschliissen (to join a group), sech zesummenschliissen (like building s.th. together)*
to keep behalen
to kill ëmäerbelen
to know wëssen (du weess, hien wësst, p.p. gewosst) (having a certain knowledge), kennen (to be familiar with s.th.,
to know s.one)
to land landen
to laugh laachen
to learn léieren
to leave/part verloossen*
to lie leien (du läis, hien läit) (to be lying somewhere), léien (to tell a lie, intransitive), beléeien (dito, but
lying to someone)
to like gäer hunn*
to listen lauschteren
to live liewen, wunnen (currently living in a certain city, French "habiter")
to lose verléieren (p.p. verluer)
to look kucken (intransitive), ukucken (transitive), nokucken (to verify s.th.)
to love léiwen, léif hunn*
to make machen (du méchs, hien mécht)
to meet begéinen (transitive or reflexive)
to move sech réieren (opposite of standing still), virgoen (go on), bewegen (transitive)*
to need brauchen
to offer ubidden (p.p. ugebueden)
to open opmaachen, opdoen (the mouth), opspären (with a key)
to paint usträichen (p.p. ugestrach) (painting a wall with one color)
to pay zuelen (money for a product), bezuelen (the product itself)
to pay attent. uechtdinn, uechtginn
to play spillen
to prepare virbereeden
to prove beweisen (p.p. bewisen)
to put setzen (p.p. gesat) (make it sit), stellen (make it stand), leeën (make it lie)
it rains et reent*
to receive kréien (du kriss, hien kritt)
to remember sech erënneren (the transitive form uses a preposition)
to remove ofdunn, ofdoen
to repeat widderhuelen
to rule regéieren (to govern)
to run lafen, rennen (p.p. gerannt)
to say soen (ech son, du sees, hien seet, p.p. gesot)
to search sichen
to see gesinn (du gesäis, hien gesäit)
to send schécken
to sing sangen (du séngs, hien séngt, p.p. gesongen)
to sit sëtzen (imp. souz) (to be aseat), sech setzen (to sit down)
to show weisen
to smile schmunzelen, schmunzen, schmonzen
to sleep schlofen (du schléifs, hien schléift)
it snows et schnéit*
to speak schwätzen (p.p. geschwat)
to spend (t/m) ausginn
to stand stoen (du stees, hien steet, p.p. gestan) (to be standing), sech hiewen (to stand up), erdroen (to stand/bear
s.th.)
to steal stielen (du stiels, p.p. gestuel)
to stop unhalen (to come to a halt), stoppen (when you were going fast)
to study stodéieren
to take huelen (du hëls, hien hëlt)
to take off ewechhuelen (transitive), ausdinn (take off one's clothes), ausdoen (dito)
to talk schwätzen, rieden (hold a speech)
to taste schmaachen*
to teach bäibréngen (ditransitive)
to tell soen (ech son, du sees, hien seet, p.p. gesot)
to think denken (think), mengen (having a certain opinion)
to throw puchen, geheien (p.p. gehäit)
to touch beréieren
to translate iwwersetzen
to travel reesen
to try probéieren, ausprobéieren (try out)
to understand verstoen (verstees, versteet, p.p. verstan)
to visit besichen
to vote stëmmen
to wait waarden
to wake up erwächen
to walk goen
to want wëllen (p.p. gewollt)
to watch ukucken, luussen (observe someone)
to win wannen (p.p. gewonn OR gewonnen)
to wish wënschen
to work schaffen
to write schreiwen (p.p. geschriwwen)
NOUNS: BODY arm Aarm (m, plural Ärem)
back Réck (m)
body Kierper (m)
finger Fanger (m)
foot Fouss (m, plural Féiss)
hand Hand (f, plural Hänn)
head Kopp (m, plural Käpp)
leg Been (n)
NOUNS: CITY appartment Wunneng (f)
building Bau (m), Gebai (n)
city Stad (f, plural Stied)
highway Autobunn (f)
hospital Spidol (n), Spedol (n)
location Uert (m)
office Büro (n)*
street Strooss (f), Gaass (f, small street)
village Duerf (n, plural Dierfer)
town Uert (m)
NOUNS: COMMERCE money Geld (n)
price Präiss (m)
product Produkt (n)*
shop Geschäft (n, plural Geschäfter), Buttek (m)
NOUNS: COUNTRY country pays (m)
state Stat (m)
flag Fändel (m), Fuendel (m)
government Regierung (f)
king Kinnek (m)
president Präsidënt (m), Präsidëntin (f)*
prince Prënz (m)
princess Prënzessin (f)*
queen Kinnigin (f)
NOUNS: EDUCATION lesson Lektioun (f)
school Schoul (f)
subject Fach (m, plural Fächer)
teacher Léierer (m), Léierin (f)
university Universitéit (f)*
NOUNS: FOOD AND DRINKS beef Rëndfleesch (n)
beer Béier (m)
bread Brout (n)
chicken Dickelchen (n)
food Kascht (m), Ernährong (f, like healthy food)
fish Fësch (m)
fruit Fruucht (f, can be counted), Uebst (n, uncounted)
meat Fleesch (n)
milk Mëllech (f)
pork Schwéngefleesch (n)
vegetables Geméis (n, singular)
water Waasser (n)
wine Wäin (m)
NOUNS: HOUSE bed Bett (n, plural Better)
chair Stull (m, plural Still)
door Dir (f)
floor Buedem (m, plural Biedem)
house Haus (n, plural Haiser)
lamp Luucht (f)
roof Daach (m, plural Diech)
room Kummer (f)
table Dësch (m)
window Fënster (f)
NOUNS: LANGUAGE book Buch (n)
character Zeechen (n)
dictionary Dictionnaire (m)
grammar Grammatik (f)*
letter Bréif (f)
language Sprooch (f)
sentence Saz (m, plural Sätz)
story Geschicht (f)
word Wuert (n, plural Wierder)
NOUNS: NATURE bird Villchen (m, plural Villercher)
canal Kanal (m)*
cat Kaz (f)
cow Kou (f, plural Kéi), Uess (m, used to emphasize the sex), Ochs (dito)
cloud Wollek (f, plural Wolleken)
beach Strand (m)*
dog Hond (m, plural Honn OR Hënn)
fish Fësch (m)
flower Blumm (f)
forest Wald (m), Bësch (m, wood)
garden Gaart (m, plural Gäert)
horse Päerd (n)
moon Mound (m)
park Park (m)*
planet Planet (m)*
plant Planz (f)
rain Reen (m)
river Floos (m, plural Flëss)
sea Mier (n)
snow Schnee (m)*
space Weltraum (m)*
sun Sonn (f)
star Stär (m)
tree Bam (m, plural Beem)
water Waasser (n)
weather Wieder (n)
world Welt (f)
NOUNS: PEOPLE boss Meeschter (m, "master"), Meeschtesch (f, dito), Chef (m), Chefin (f)*
boy Jong (m)
boyfriend Frënd (m, plural Frënn)*
brother Brudder (m, plural Bridder)
child Kand (n, plural Kanner)
daughter Duechter (f, plural Diechter)
father Papp (m)
girl Meedchen (n, plural Medercher)
girlfriend Frëndin (f, plural Frëndinnen)*
grandfather Grousspapp (m), Bopa (m, colloquial)
grandmother Groussmamm (f), Boma (f, colloquial)
husband Mann (m, plural Männer)
man Mann (m, plural Männer)
mother Mamm (f)
person Persoun (f)*
people Leit (plural)
sister Schwëster (f), Sëschter (f)
son Jong (m)
woman Fra (f, plural Fraen)
wife Fra (f, plural Fraen)
NOUNS: SCIENCE chemistry Chemie (f)*
height Héicht (f)
length Längt (f)
physics Physik (f)*
science Wëssenschaft (f)
size Gréisst (f)
NOUNS: TIME clock Auer (f, "[at] 5 o'clock" = "[om] 5 Auer")
day Dag (m, plural Deeg)
hour Stonn (f)
future Zoukonft (f)
minute Minutt (f)
past Vergaangenheet (f)
present Gegenwart (f)*
second Sekonn (f)
time Zäit (f)
week Woch (f)
year Jor (n)
NOUNS: TRANSPORT airplane Fliger (m)
bike vélo (m), bicyclette (f)
boat (small) Schëff (n, plural Schëffer)*
bus Bus (m)
car Won (m, plural Ween)
subway U-Bunn (f), Metro (f)*
ship (large) Schëff (n, plural Schëffer)
train Zuch (m, plural Zich)
ROLF'S SPECIAL ADD-ON
DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday Méindeg (m), méindes (on Mondays)
Tuesday Dënschdeg (m), dënschdes (on Tuesdays)
Wednesday Mëttwoch (m), mëttwochs (on Wednesdays)
Friday Freideg (m), freides (on Fridays)
Saturday Samschdeg (m), samschdes (on Saturdays)
Sunday Sonndeg (m), sonndes (on Mondays)
MONTHS January Januar (m), Haartmount (m)
February Februar (m), Febuar (m)
March Mäerz (m)
April Abrëll (m)
May Mee (m)
June Juni (m), Rousemount (m), Broochmount (m)
July Juli (m), Heemount (m)
August August (m)
September September (m), Hierschtmount (m)
October Oktouber (m), Wäimount (m)
November November (m), Wantermount (m), Allerhellgemount (m)
December Dezember (m)
NUMBERS 0 null (also used as a feminine noun)
1 een (cardinal)
2 zwee (cardinal), zwou (f), zwéin (m), zweemol (twice), zweet[en] (2nd)
3 dräi, drëtt[en] (3rd)
4 véier, véiert[en] (4th)
5 fënnef
6 sechs
7 siwen
8 aacht
9 néng
10 zéng
11 eelef
12 zwielef
13 dräizéng
14 véierzéng
15 fofzéng
16 siechzéng
17 siwenzéng
18 uechtzéng
19 néngzéng
20 zwanzeg
21 eenenzwanzeg
22 zweeënzwanzeg
23 dräienzwanzeg
30 drësseg
40 véerzeg
50 fofzeg
60 sechzeg
70 siwenzeg
80 achtzeg, uechtzeg
90 néngzeg
100 honnert
101 honnerteen
102 honnertzwee
1000 dausend
10,000 zéngdausend
100,000 honnertdausend
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 1 sg ech
2 sg du
3 sg m hien
3 sg f se, si
3 sg n et
1 pl mir
2 pl dir (also used as polite 2nd person singular)
3 pl si
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 1 sg méng (f OR plural), mäin[t] (m OR n)
2 sg deng (f, pl), däi[n] (m, n)
3 sg m/n säin
3 sg f hiert
1 pl eis (f, pl), eisen (m, n)
2 pl ären
3 pl hir, hiren
INTEROGATIVE PRONOUNS
how? wéi?
what?, which? wat? when? wéini?
where? wou? (location), wouhin? (direction)
who? wien?, ween?
why? woufir?, wuerfir?
CONJUNCTIONS AND STUFF and a
or oder, odder
but ma, mä, awer, ower, iewer
that datt, dass (German "dass" or "daß")
not net
CONJUGATION OF THE MAJOR AUXILIARIES to be sinn (infinitive)
ech sinn, du bass, hien ass (present tense singular)
mir sinn, dir sidd, si sinn (present tense plural)
ech si gewiescht (I have been)
sief, bass de (both imperative sg), sieft, sidd (both imperative pl)
to have hunn (infinitive)
ech hunn, du hues, hien huet (present tense singular)
mir hunn, dir hutt, si hunn (present tense plural)
ech hu gehat (I have been)
hief (imperative sg), hieft (imperative pl)
passive aux. ginn (infinitive)
ech ginn, du gëss, hien gëtt (present tense singular)
mir ginn, dir gitt, si ginn (present tense plural)
ech hu ginn (I have given)
gëff (imperative sg), gitt (imperative pl)
AND A LITTLE MORE something eppens
somewhere éierewou, enzwousch
somehow éierens
anything iergend eppes
anywhere iergendwou, iergandzwousch
anyone iergendeen
any X iergendeng X
nothing näischt
nowhere néierens, néierewou
no one nëmmescht
no X keng X (f), keent X (m, n)
some/a few puer, e puer
several etlech, en etlech
not at all guer net, iwwerhaapt net
only X eenzeg X (f), eenzegen X (m), eenzegt X (n)
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Luxembourgish articles
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
The Luxembourgish articles are
a little different from their German counterparts, as the following tables show.
Please not that an N at the end only occurs when preceding D, H, N, T, Z, a vowel or a
punctuation mark.
d is pronounced like a T, even when preceding a vowel.
|
|
(m) |
(f) |
(n) |
Pl. |
|
Nom. |
de(n) |
d' |
d' |
d' |
|
Dat. |
dem |
der |
dem |
de(n) |
|
Akk. |
de(n) |
d' |
d' |
d' |
|
|
(m) |
(f) |
(n) |
Pl. |
|
Nom. |
dee(n) |
déi |
daat |
déi |
|
Dat. |
deem |
där |
deem |
dee(n) |
|
Akk. |
dee(n) |
déi |
daat |
déi |
|
|
(m) |
(f) |
(n) |
|
Nom. |
e(n) |
eng |
e(n) |
|
Dat. |
engem |
enger |
engem |
|
Akk. |
e(n) |
eng |
e(n) |
I'm afraid I can't give a
guarantee for the correctness of these lists...
Luxembourgish genitive
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
The genitive case of German has disappeared in Luxembourgish, except for the possessive pronouns.
When a possessive pronun is not
appropriate, you use either "vun" + dative case or posessor + possessive pronoun.
Examples: d'Faarf vum Won (the color of the car), em Jean
séng Mamm (John's mother)
Luxembourgish interrogative pronouns
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
|
English |
German |
Luxembourgish |
|
when? |
wann? |
wéini? |
|
why? |
warum? |
woufir/wuerfir/firwat? |
|
what? |
was? |
wat? |
|
who? |
wer? |
wien? |
|
how? |
wie? |
wéi? |
|
how much/many? |
wie viel(e)? |
wivill? |
|
for what? |
wofür? |
woufir? |
|
from where? |
woher? |
vu wou? |
|
(to) where? |
wohin? |
wouhin? |
|
with what? |
womit? |
woumat? |
|
of what? |
wovon? |
wouvun? |
Luxembourgish names
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
Names of persons are always given
with a definite article.
The nominative articles are den or de for masculine and d'
for feminine nouns.
So you say de Jean (John), d'Marie (Mary), den Här Rodange (Mr
Rodange) and d'Madame Strasser (Ms Strasser).
Luxembourgish numerals
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
>> languages >> Luxembourgish >> Luxembourgish grammar
Numbers are not declined in Luxembourgish,
except for 1 and 2.
The numbers from 10 to 19 are similar to English.
In opposite to many other languages, numbers
between 21 and 99 always follow the pattern second digit - an - first digit,
as you can see in the following list.
0 null, 1 eent, 2 zwee, 3 dräi, 4 véier
5 fënnef, 6 sechs, 7 siwen, 8 aacht, 9 néng
10 zéng, 11 elef, 12 zwielef, 13 dräizéng, 14
véierzéng
15 fofzéng, 16 siechzéng, 17 siwwenzéng, 18 uechtzéng, 19 nonzéng
20 zwanzeg, 21 eenanzwanzeg, 22 zweeanzwanzeg,
23 dräianzwanzeg, 24 véieranzwanzeg
25 fënnefanzwanzeg, 26 sechsanzwanzeg, 27 siwenanzwanzeg, 28 aachtanzwanzeg, 29 nénganzwanzeg
30 drësseg, 31 eenandrësseg, 32 zweeandrësseg, 33 dräiandrësseg, ...
40 véierzeg, 50 fofzeg, 60 sechzeg, 70 siwwenzeg,
80 achtzeg, 90 nonzeg
100 honnert, 101 honnerteent, 102 honnertzwee,
200 zweehonnert, 300 dräihonnert, 748 siwenhonnertachtanvéierzeg
1000 (een)dausend, 2000 zweedausend, 10.000 zéngdausend, 100.000 honnertdausend
1.000.000 eng Millioun, 2.000.000
zwou Milliounen
1.000.000.000 (10^9) eng Milliard, 2.000.000.000 zwou Milliarden
1.000.000.000.000 (10^12) eng Billion,
1.000.000.000.000.000 (10^15) eng Billiard
604.720.051 sechshonnertvéier Milliounen siwenhonnertzwanzegdausendeenanfofzeg
The declension of 2 is as follows:
masculine zwéin, feminine zwou, neuter zwee.
The decimal point is a comma
in Luxembourgish.
Long numbers are given in groups of three digits that are separated either by points or by spaces.
Example:
12.345,67 or 12 345,67
Years between 1100 and 1999 are
said as hundreds instead of thousands:
1984 nonzénghonnertvéieranachtzeg
Just like in English, ordinal
numbers can be quite irregular for small numbers. The regular ending is te
under 20 and ste over 19.
The declension distinguishes between masculine and neuter singular on one hand and plural
and feminine singular on the other.
They are written by simply adding a point behind the number.
1. (m/n) den éischten, (f/pl)
dat/déi éischt, 2. den zweeten, dat/déi zweet, 3. den drëtten, dat/déi drëtt, 4. de véierten, dat/déi véiert
5. dat fënneft,
6. dat sechst, 7. dat siewent, 8. dat aacht, 9. dat néngt
10. dat zéngt, 11. dat eleft, 12. dat zwieleft, 13. dat dräizéngt,
...
20. dat zwanzegt, 73. dat dräiansiwwenzegt
100. den honnertsen, dat/déi honnertst, 1000. den dausendsen, dat/déi
dausendst
5041. dat fënnefdausendeenanvéierzegt
Fractions are not identical with
ordinal numbers, they receive the ending tel and are declined
like neuter nouns. They do not change in plural.
1/2 en hallef, 1/3 en drëttel,
1/4 e véirel
1/5 e fënneftel, 1/6 en sechstel, 1/7 en siwentel, 1/8 en aachtel, 1/9 en néngtel
1/10 en zéngtel, 1/11
en eleftel, 1/12 en zwieleftel, 1/13 en dräizéngtel, ...
1/20 en zwanzegtel, 1/73 en dräiansiwwenzegtel
1/100 en honnertstel,
1/1000 en dausendstel
3/4 dräi véirel, 52/89 zweeanfofzeg nénganachtzegtel
Luxembourgish prepositions
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
Most prepositions are like in German.
Note that German "in" (similar
to English "in") is an in Luxembourgish.
Examples: a Spuenien (in Spain), an Holland
(in the Netherlands), an der Belsch (in Belgium)
Another major difference is the
preposition used for towns. In German, you say "in Berlin" (English "in Berlin") and "aus Paris" (English "from Paris").
In
Luxembourgish, this is zu Berlin and vun Paräis respectively.
There is one exception, however. Something in Luxembourg City
is an der Stad ("in the city").
Expressing that someone comes
from a specific country depends on the article. If the country name is given without an article, you use aus like in German: aus Frankräich/Däitschland
(from France/Germany). But if the country name is given with a definite article, you use vun with the article in dative case: vun der
Belsch/Schwäiz (from Belgium/Switzerland).
Luxembourgish pronouns
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
The polite form is not the 3rd
person plural as in German, but the 2nd person plural. It is capitalized like in German.
The words in brackets give the unstressed pronouns. Possessive
pronouns are in another table. Their declension is a little more complicated than in German.
|
|
nom. |
dat. |
acc. |
reflexive |
|
1 sg |
ech |
mir [mer] |
mech |
mech |
|
2 sg |
du [de] |
dir [der] |
dech |
dech |
|
3 sg (m) |
hien [en] |
him [em] |
en |
sech |
|
3 sg (f) |
si [se] |
hir |
si [se]? |
sech |
|
3 sg (f) *(See below) |
hatt [et] |
him [em] |
hatt [et] |
sech |
|
3 sg (n) |
et ['t] |
him [em] |
et ['t] |
sech |
|
1 pl |
mir [mer] |
ons |
ons |
ons |
|
2 pl |
dir [der] |
iech |
iech |
iech |
|
3 pl |
si |
hinnen |
si |
sech |
|
|
(m) |
(f) |
(n) |
pl. |
|
1 sg |
mäi(n) |
méng |
mäi(n) |
méng |
|
2 sg |
däi(n) |
déng |
däi(n) |
déng |
|
3 sg (m) |
säi(n) |
séng |
säi(n) |
séng |
|
3 sg (f) |
hire |
hir |
hiirt |
hir |
|
3 sg (n) |
säi(n) |
séng |
säi(n) |
séng |
|
1 pl |
eise(n) |
eis |
eist |
eis |
|
2 pl |
äre(n) |
är |
äert |
är |
|
3 pl |
hire |
hir |
hiirt |
hir |
And don't forget the N deletion
rule...
Luxembourgish verbs
Presented by the UniLang Language Community
Let's start with the most common
auxiliaries:
|
present |
past |
perfect |
conjunctive |
|
ech sinn/si |
ech war |
ech si gewiescht |
ech wieren |
|
du bass |
du waars |
du bass gewiescht |
du wiers |
|
hien ass |
hien war |
hien ass
gewiescht |
hien wiert |
|
mir sinn/si |
mir waren |
mir si gewiescht |
mir wieren |
|
dir sidd |
dir waart |
dir sidd
gewiescht |
dir wiert |
|
si sinn/si |
si waren |
si si gewiescht |
si wieren |
|
present |
past |
perfect |
conjunctive |
|
ech hunn/hu |
ech hat |
ech hu gehat |
ech hätten |
|
du hues |
du has |
du hues gehat |
du hätts |
|
hien huet |
hien hat |
hien huet
gehat |
hien hätt |
|
mir hunn/hu |
mir haten |
mir hu gehat |
mir hätten |
|
dir hutt |
dir hat |
dir hutt
gehat |
dir hätt |
|
si hunn/hu |
si haten |
si hu gehat |
si hätten |
Most words form the conditional
with the conjunctive of "doen" (to do) followed by the infinitive of the main verb.
Examples: ech dinn doen (I would do), hie déit doen
(he would do)
If you know German, you can easily
translate verbs with prefixes into Luxembourgish using the following rules:
ab -> of, an -> u(n), auf -> op,
be -> be, bei -> bäi,
durch -> duerch, ein -> a?, er -> er, ge -> ge, heraus -> eraus,
mit ->
mat, nach -> no, nieder -> néier, ver -> ver, vor -> vir,
über -> iwwer, zu -> zou, zusammen -> zesamme(n)
And now for some irregular verbs
(with their German translations):
behalen (behalten): ech behalen, du
behäls, hie behät, mir behalen, dir behaalt, si behalen; ech hu behal?
bidden
(bieten): ech hu gebueden
bitzen (nähen):
ech hu gebutt
briechen (brechen): ech hu gebrach
bréngen (bringen): ech hu bruecht
brennen (brennen): ech hu gebrannt
doen
(tun): ech dinn, du dees, hien deet, mir dinn, dir ditt, si dinn; ech hu gedoen?
dreiwen (treiben): ech hu gedriwwen
fäerten
(fürchten): ech hu gefaart
falen (fallen):
ech falen, du fäls, hie fält, mir falen, dir faalt, si falen; ech si gefal?
féieren (führen): ech hu gefouert (but: ugeféiert)
fannen
(finden): ech fannen, du fënns, hie fënnt, mir fannen, dir fannt, si fannen; ech hu gefun?
gëllen (gelten): ech gëllen, du gëlls, hie gëllt; ech hu gegollt
geschéien (geschehen): et ass geschitt
ginn (geben/werden): ech ginn, du gëss, hie gëtt, mir ginn, dir gitt, si ginn; ech hu gegeben?
(past tense: ech gouf?)
goen (gehen): ech ginn, du gees,
hie geet, mir ginn, dir gitt, si ginn; ech si gegangen? (imperative: géi!)
gräifen (greifen): ech hu gegraff
hëllefen (helfen):
ech hu gehollef
kafen (kaufen): ech kafen, du keefs,
hie keeft; ech hu kaaft
maachen (machen): ech hu gemaacht
netzen (netzen): ech hu genat
räissen (reißen): ech hu gerass
ruffen
(rufen): ech ruffen, du riffs, hie rifft; ech hu geruffen?
schäissen (scheißen): ech hu geschass
schloen (schlagen):
ech schloen, du schléis, hie schléit; ech hu geschloen?
setzen (setzen):
ech hu gesat
soen (sagen): ech hu gesot
späizen (spucken): ech hu gespaut
stellen (stellen): ech hu gestallt
stoen
(stehen): ech stinn, du stees, hie steet, mir stinn, dir stitt, si stinn; ech si gestan (conjunctive: sténg/stéing)
verschwannen (verschwinden): ech si verschwonn/verschwonnen
wëllen (wollen): ech wëll, du wëlls, hie wëllt; ech
hu gewollt
zéien (ziehen): ech hu gezunn
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